Extensions of flat functors and theories of presheaf type
Olivia CARAMELLO - 2014-06-26 (M/14/23)
We develop a general theory of extensions of flat functors along geometric morphisms of toposes, and apply it to the study of the class of theories whose classifying topos is equivalent to a presheaf topos. As a result, we obtain a characterization theorem providing necessary and sufficient semantic conditions for a theory to be of presheaf type. This theorem subsumes all the previous partial results obtained on the subject and has several corollaries which can be used in practice for testing whether a given theory is of presheaf type as well as for generating new examples of theories belonging to this class. Along the way, we establish a number of other results of independent interest, including developments about colimits in the context of indexed categories, expansions of geometric theories and methods for constructing theories classified by a given presheaf topos.
Cyclic theories
Olivia CARAMELLO, Nicholas WENTZLAFF - 2014-06-26 (M/14/22)
We describe a geometric theory classified by Connes-Consani's epicylic topos and two related theories respectively classified by the cyclic topos and by the topos $[{\mathbb N}^{\ast}, \Set]$.
A Feynman integral via higher normal functions
Spencer BLOCH, Matt KERR, Pierre VANHOVE - 2014-06-10 (P/14/06)
We study the Feynman integral for the three-banana graph defined as the scalar two-point self-energy at three-loop order. The Feynman integral is evaluated for all identical internal masses in two space-time dimensions. Two calculations are given for the Feynman integral; one based on an interpretation of the integral as an inhomogeneous solution of a classical Picard-Fuchs differential equation, and the other using arithmetic algebraic geometry, motivic cohomology, and Eisenstein series. Both methods use the rather special fact that the Feynman integral is a family of regulator periods associated to a family of $K3$ surfaces. We show that the integral is given by a sum of elliptic trilogarithms evaluated at sixth roots of unity. This elliptic trilogarithm value is related to the regulator of a class in the motivic cohomology of the $K3$ family. We prove a conjecture by David Broadhurst that at a special kinematical point the Feynman integral is given by a critical value of the Hasse-Weil $L$-function of the $K3$ surface. This result is shown to be a particular case of Deligne's conjectures relating values of $L$-functions inside the critical strip to periods.
Beltrami-Courant Differentials and $G_{\infty}$-algebras
Anton ZEITLIN - 2014-05-06 (M/14/19)
Using the symmetry properties of two-dimensional sigma models, we introduce a notion of the Beltrami-Courant differential, so that there is a natural homotopy Gerstenhaber algebra related to it. We conjecture that the generalized Maurer-Cartan equation for the corresponding $L_{\infty}$ subalgebra gives solutions to the Einstein equations.
2-CY-tilted algebras that are not Jacobian
Over any field of positive characteristic we construct 2-CY-tilted algebras that are not Jacobian algebras of quivers with potentials. As a remedy, we propose an extension of the notion of a potential, called hyperpotential, that allows to prove that certain algebras defined over fields of positive characteristic are 2-CY-tilted even if they do not arise from potentials. In another direction, we compute the fractionally Calabi-Yau dimensions of certain orbit categories of fractionally CY triangulated categories. As an application, we construct a cluster category of type G2.
Algebras of quasi-quaternion type
We define algebras of quasi-quaternion type, which are symmetric algebras of tame representation type whose stable module category has certain structure similar to that of the algebras of quaternion type introduced by Erdmann. We observe that symmetric tame algebras that are also 2-CY-tilted are of quasi quaternion type. We present a combinatorial construction of such algebras by introducing the notion of triangulation quivers. The class of algebras that we get contains Erdmann's algebras of quaternion type on the one hand and the Jacobian algebras of the quivers with potentials associated by Labardini to triangulations of closed surfaces with punctures on the other hand, hence it serves as a bridge between modular representation theory of finite groups and cluster algebras.
SL(2,Z)-invariance and D-instanton contributions to the $D^6 R^4$ interaction
Michael B. GREEN, Stephen D. MILLER, Pierre VANHOVE - 2014-04-09 (P/14/07)
The modular invariant coefficient of the $D^6R^4$ interaction in the low energy expansion of type~IIB string theory has been conjectured to be a solution of an inhomogeneous Laplace eigenvalue equation, obtained by considering the toroidal compactification of two-loop Feynman diagrams of eleven-dimensional supergravity. In this paper we determine its exact $SL(2,\Z)$-invariant solution $f(condition as$y\to \infty$(the weak coupling limit). The solution is presented as a Fourier series with modes$\widehat{f}_n(y) e^{2\pi i n x}$, where the mode coefficients,$\widehat{f}_n(y)$are bilinear in$K$-Bessel functions. Invariance under$SL(2,\Z)$requires these modes to satisfy the nontrivial boundary condition$ \widehat{f}_n(y) =O(y^{-2})$for small$y$, which uniquely determines the solution. The large-$y$expansion of$f(ower-behaved) terms, together with precisely-determined exponentially decreasing contributions that have the form expected of D-instantons, anti-D-instantons and D-instanton/anti-D-instanton pairs.
Algebraic rational cells, equivariant intersection theory, and Poincaré duality
Richard Paul GONZALES VILCARROMERO - 2014-04-09 (M/14/15)
We provide a notion of algebraic rational cell with applications to intersection theory on singular varieties with torus action. Based on this notion, we study the algebraic analogue of Q-fi ltrable varieties: algebraic varieties where a torus acts with isolated fixed points, such that the associated Bialynicki-Birula decomposition consists of algebraic rational cells. We show that the rational equivariant Chow group of any Q-filtrable variety is freely generated by the cell closures. We apply this result to group embeddings, and more general spherical varieties. In view of the localization theorem for equivariant operational Chow rings, we get some conditions for Poincaré duality in this setting.
Motivic Cohomology Spectral Sequence and Steenrod Algebra
Serge YAGUNOV - 2014-04-09 (M/14/16)
For an odd prime number $p$, it is shown that differentials $d_n$ in the motivic cohomology spectral sequence with $p$-local coefficients vanish unless $p-1$ divides $n-1$. We obtain an explicit formula for the first non-trivial differential $d_p$, expressing it in terms of motivic Steenrod $p$-power operations and Bockstein homomorphisms. Finally, we construct examples of varieties, having non-trivial differentials $d_p$ in their motivic spectral sequences.
Boundedness of non-homogeneous square functions and $L^q$ type testing conditions with $q \in (1,2)$
Henri MARTIKAINEN, Mihalis MOURGOGLOU - 2014-04-01 (M/14/14)

Calculabilité de la cohomologie étale modulo l
David A. MADORE, Fabrice ORGOGOZO - 2014-03-20 (M/14/13)

Scattering Equations and String Theory Amplitudes
Emil BJERRUM-BOHR, Poul DAMGAARD, Piotr TOURKINE, Pierre VANHOVE - 2014-03-19 (P/14/11)
Scattering equations for tree-level amplitudes are viewed in the context of string theory. As a result of the comparison we are led to define a new dual model which coincides with string theory in both the small and large $\alpha'$ limit, and whose solution is found algebraically on the surface of solutions to the scattering equations. Because it has support only on the scattering equations, it can be solved exactly, yielding a simple resummed model for $\alpha'$-corrections to all orders. We use the same idea to generalize scattering equations to amplitudes with fermions and any mixture of scalars, gluons and fermions. In all cases checked we find exact agreement with known results.
Localization in equivariant operational K-theory and the Chang-Skjelbred property
Richard Paul GONZALES VILCARROMERO - 2014-03-18 (M/14/12)
We establish a localization theorem of Borel-Atiyah-Segal type for the equivariant operational K-theory of Anderson and Payne. Inspired by the work of Chang-Skjelbred and Goresky-Kottwitz-MacPherson, we establish a general form of GKM theory in this setting, applicable to singular schemes with torus action. Our results are deduced from those in the smooth case via Gillet-Kimura's technique of cohomological descent for equivariant envelopes. As an application, we extend Uma's description of the equivariant K-theory of smooth compactifi cations of reductive groups to the equivariant operational K-theory of all, possibly singular, projective group embeddings.
The physics of quantum gravity
Pierre VANHOVE - 2014-03-17 (P/14/08)
Quantum gravity is still very mysterious and far from being well under- stood. In this text we review the motivations for the quantification of gravity, and some expected physical consequences. We discuss the remarkable rela- tions between scattering processes in quantum gravity and in Yang-Mills theory, and the role of string theory as an unifying theory.
Polylogarithms and multizeta values in massless Feynman amplitudes
Ivan TODOROV - 2014-02-19 (P/14/10)
The last two decades have seen a remarkable development of analytic methods in the study of Feynman amplitudes in perturbative quantum field theory. The present lecture offers a physicists' oriented survey of Francis Brown's work on singlevalued multiple polylogarithms, the associated multizeta periods and their application to Schnetz's graphical functions and to $x$-space renormalization. To keep the discussion concrete we restrict attention to explicit examples of primitively divergent graphs in a massless scalar QFT.
Particle in a field of two centers in prolate spheroidal coordinates: integrability and solvability
Willard MILLER JR, Alexander V TURBINER - 2014-02-17 (P/14/09)

The physics and the mixed Hodge structure of Feynman integrals
Pierre VANHOVE - 2014-02-14 (P/14/04)
This expository text is an invitation to the relation between quantum field theory Feynman integrals and periods. We first describe the relation between the Feynman parametrization of loop amplitudes and world-line methods, by explaining that the first Symanzik polynomial is the determinant of the period matrix of the graph, and the second Symanzik polynomial is expressed in terms of world-line Green s functions. We then review the relation between Feynman graphs and variations of mixed Hodge structures. Finally, we provide an algorithm for generating the Picard-Fuchs equation satisfied by the all equal mass banana graphs in a two-dimensional space-time to all loop orders.
Du transfert automorphe de Langlands aux formules de Poisson non linéaires
Laurent LAFFORGUE - 2014-01-17 (M/14/05)

Non-Abelian Lie algebroids over jet spaces
Arthemy V. KISELEV, Andrey O. KRUTOV - 2014-01-07 (M/14/03)
We associate Hamiltonian homological evolutionary vector fields -- which are the non-Abelian variational Lie algebroids' differentials -- with Lie algebra-valued zero-curvature representations for partial differential equations.
Une loi de réciprocité explicite pour le polylogarithme elliptique
Francesco LEMMA, Shanwen WANG - 2014-01-06 (M/14/01)
On démontre une compatibilité entre la réalisation p-adique et la réalisation de de Rham des sections de torsion du profaisceau polylogarithme elliptique. La preuve utilise une variante pour H1 de la loi de réciprocité explicite de Kato pour le H2 des courbes modulaires.
Le système d'Euler de Kato (II)
Shanwen WANG - 2014-01-06 (M/14/02)
Ce texte est le deuxième article d’une série de trois articles sur une généralisation de système d’Euler de Kato. Il est consacré e d’Euler de Kato raffiné associé systèmes d’Euler de Kato.